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| Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) |
| In a typical commercial boiling water reactor (1) the reactor core creates heat, (2) a steam-water mixture is produced when very pure water (reactor coolant) moves upward through the core absorbing heat, (3) the steam-water mixture leaves the top of the core and enters the two stages of moisture separation where water droplets are removed before the steam is allowed to enter the steam line, (4) the steam line directs the steam to the main turbine causing it to turn the turbine generator, which produces electricity. The unused steam is exhausted to the condenser where it is condensed into water. The resulting water is pumped out of the condenser with a series of pumps, reheated, and pumped back to the reactor vessel. The reactor's core contains fuel assemblies which are cooled by water, which is force-circulated by electrically powered pumps. Emergency cooling water is supplied by other pumps which can be powered by onsite diesel generators. Other safety systems, such as the containment cooling system, also need electric power. |
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Nuclear Reactor Types
Many different reactor systems have been proposed and some of these have
been developed to prototype and commercial scale. Six types of reactor
(Magnox, AGR, PWR, BWR, CANDU and RBMK) have emerged as the
designs used to produce commercial electricity around the world. A further
reactor type, the so-called fast reactor, has been developed to full-scale
demonstration stage. These various reactor types will now be described,
together with current developments and some prototype designs.
Gas Cooled, Graphite Moderated
Of the six main commercial reactor types, two (Magnox and AGR) owe much
to the very earliest reactor designs in that they are graphite moderated and
gas cooled.
Magnox reactors (see Fig 1.1(a)) were built in the UK from 1956to 1971 but have now been superseded. The Magnox reactor is named after
the magnesium alloy used to encase the fuel, which is natural uranium metal.
Fuel elements consisting of fuel rods encased in Magnox cans are loaded into
vertical channels in a core constructed of graphite blocks. Further vertical
channels contain control rods (strong neutron absorbers) which can be
inserted or withdrawn from the core to adjust the rate of the fission process
and, therefore, the heat output. The whole assembly is cooled by blowing
carbon dioxide gas past the fuel cans, which are specially designed to
enhance heat transfer. The hot gas then converts water to steam in a steam
generator. Early designs used a steel pressure vessel, which was surrounded
by a thick concrete radiation shield.
In later designs, a dual-purpose concrete pressure vessel and radiation shield
was used.
In order to improve the cost effectiveness of this type of reactor, it was
necessary to go to higher temperatures to achieve higher thermal efficiencies
and higher power densities to reduce capital costs. This entailed increases in
cooling gas pressure and changing from Magnox to stainless steel cladding
and from uranium metal to uranium dioxide fuel. This in turn led to the need
for an increase in the proportion of U
235 in the fuel. The resulting design,known as the
Advanced Gas-Cooled Reactor, or AGR (see Fig 1.1(b)), stilluses graphite as the moderator and, as in the later Magnox designs, the
steam generators and gas circulators are placed within a combined concrete
pressure-vessel/radiation-shield.
The endless conversation with my lunetic female friend Debura has completed.
With nothing else to do, now, worring about is what is next to happen in Cambell lane house
And what my Cuban friends are going to pul from their smelly ass conjectures and their clueless, cheese-impacted, colons.
This is what some of my freinds say about this Vidio ,
Massoud has no oponion of his own and as a frelance_ journalist
is mentionning the coments which are mainly from Iranian Americans in texas about this Vidio
your brain is full of shit
fuck you & arabs as well
Fuck u fakin wahabi
Why do Jewish girls like to fuck doggy
They can't stand to see somebody else have a good time style?
Puerto Rican
You run with the last roll of toilet tissue on the rented house that no rent for several month .
A: They can't stand to see somebody else have a good time.
Q: Whats the difference between a blonde and a mosquito?
A: One stops sucking when you slap it.
Q: Who are the two most famous black women?
A: Aunt Jemima and Mother Fucker.
Q: What's long, black and smelly?
A: An unemployment line.
Q: What do you call a Puerto Rical midget?
A: A spec.
Q: What's the difference between a British man and his girlfriend?
A: His girlfriend has a higher sperm count.
Q: Why is there so little Puerto Rican literature?
A: Because spray paint wasn't invented until 1949.
Q: What did Dodi Al-Fayed say to his driver the morning before the crash?
A: Do you want to go out with me and Di tonight?
Q. How do you know if a Chinese person robbs your house?
A. Your homework is done, your computer is upgraded, but two hours later, the fucker is still trying to back out of your driveway.
Q: What's the difference between a black man and a pizza?
A: A pizza can feed a family of four.
Q: Why is it so hard for Mexican women to get pregnant?
A: Because as soon as the sperm enters the cell it tries to hang itself.
Q: How do you starve a black man?
A: hide his foodstamps under his workboots.
Q: What's the first thing a redneck says after losing her virginity?
A: Get off of me Dad, you're crushing my cigarettes.
Q: What do rednecks and KFC have in common?
A: They do chicken right.
Q: In Kentucky, what do divorces and tornados have in common.
A: Either way, someone is going to lose a trailer.
Q: Why do the Scottish wear kilts?
A: Because a sheep can hear a zipper from like a mile away.
Q: What does a Cuban do when he gets a flat tire?
A: Drowns
Q: Two (insert favorite ethnic group here) jump off the top of a very tall building. Which one his the ground first?
A: Who gives a fuck?
Q: What's so good about an Ethiopian blow-job?
A: You know she'll swallow.
Q: Why did the redneck cross the road?
A: Because he coundn't get his dick out of the chicken.
Q: What does a redneck say after sex?
A: Thanks Mom.
Q: What do you call an Ethiopian with a yeast infection?
A: Quarter pounder with cheese.
Q: How do you kill 100 Mexicans?
A: Blow up their van.
Q: What do you call five Mexicans on the bottom of a pool?
A: Sinko
Q: What's black and blue and hates sex?
A: A rape victim.
Q: What's the difference between a blonde and a washing machine?
A: They both drip when they're fucked.
Q: What did the little black boy say when he got diarrhea?
A: I'm melting!
Q: Why do black people smell?
A: So blind people can hate them too.
Q: What do you call a fat chinese person?
A: A chunk.
Q: What did the little Mexican boy get for christmas?
A: My bike.
Q: How are fat bitches and Mo-peds the same?
A: They are both fun to ride, but you don't tell your friends about them.
Q: How many house wives does it take to screw in a light bulb?
A: None! what the Fuck they doing out of the kitchen!?
Q: How do you blindfold a chinese person?
A: Dental floss.
Q: What's the difference between a jew and a pizza?
A: A pizza doesn't scream when you put it in the oven!
Q: How many jews can you fit in a VW Beetle?
A: 54, two in the front, two in the back, and fifty in the ashtray.
Q: Why do black people play basketball?
A: They can run, shoot, and steal
Q:What did Adolf Hitler get his neice for her birthday?
A: An easy bake oven.
Q:What would the Jetsons be called if they were black?
A: ******s.
Q: What's the difference between St. Patrick's Day and Martin Luther King Day?
A: On St. Patrick's Day, everyone wants to be Irish.
Q: What do you call an Ethiopian on a hunger strike?
A: Ethiopian
Q: Why don't Puerto Ricans have check books?
A: Because it's impossible to sign your name that small with spray paint.
Q: How do you know when a redneck has her period?
A: She's only wearing one sock.
Q: What do you call an ethiopian with buck teeth?
A: A rake.
Q: What do you call an ethiopian wearing a turban?
A: Aq-tip.
Q: What's this? (pinches skin on both sides of neck)
A: An ethiopian eating a cornflake.
Q: Why do they put shit around the church at a packy wedding?
A: To keep the flies off the bride.
Q:How do you stop 5 black guys from raping a white girl?
A:Throw them a basket ball.
Q: What do you call a hooker with a runny nose?
A: Full
Q: What does FUBU really stand for?
A: Farmers Use'ta Beat Us.
Q:Whats the difference between a pakie & a bucket of shit?
A:The bucket.
Q:What do you call a pakie with a wooden leg?
A:Shit on a stick.
Q:What do you call a pakie with two wooden legs?
A:A waste of wood.
Q: What do you call an ethiopian jumping off a cliff?
A: A chocolate drop.
Q: How do you get 100 jews into a car?
A: Throw a quarter in it.
Q: How do you get them out again?
A: Tell them Hilter is driving.
Q: What do you call two ethiopians in a sleeping bag?
A: Twix.
Your uncle owns more gold than the jewelry shop down the street.
You start clapping when your plane hits the runway.
You can get to your house blindfolded because the smell of
chuletas
ANSYS_Pressure_Equipment_Seminar.pdf
take your clothes of